autophagosomeの例文

• Atg1 is also important in late stages of autophagosome formation.
• How autophagosome exits the omegasome is not clear so far.
• The autophagosome eventually fuses with lysosomes and the contents are degraded and recycled.
• LC3 cleavage is required for the terminal fusion of an autophagosome with its target membrane.
• In addition to phagophore assembly, SNAREs are also important in mediating autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
• In yeast autophagosome maturation, there are also other known players as Atg1, Atg13 and Atg17.
• The lipidated form of LC3, known as LC3-II, is attached to the autophagosome membrane.
• Many intracellular bacteria, such as NDP52 leading to the formation of an autophagosome and subsequent bacterial destruction.
• It then localizes to the site of autophagosome nucleation, the phagophore-assembly site ( PAS ).
• This involves the formation of a double membrane known as an autophagosome, around the organelle marked for destruction.
• The autophagosome then travels through the cytoplasm of the cell to a lysosome, and the two organelles fuse.
• After the formation of the spherical structure, the complex of ATG12-ATG5 : ATG16L1 dissociates from the autophagosome.
• The ATG genes control the autophagosome formation through ATG12-ATG5 and LC3-II ( ATG8-II ) complexes.
• The initial step of autophagosome formation in mammalian cells consists of elongation of small membrane structures, called initial membranes or phagophores.
• In macroautophagy, targeted cytoplasmic constituents are isolated from the rest of the cell within a double-membraned vesicle known as an autophagosome.
• The transient conjugation of Atg8 to the membrane lipid phosphatidylethanolamine is essential for phagophore expansion as its mutation leads to defects in autophagosome formation.
• Given this, the paralogs of the gene are associated with starvation-induced autophagosome formation and trafficking and translocation of GLUT4-containing vesicles.
• SNAREs play important roles in mediating vesicle fusion during phagophore initiation and expansion as well as autophagosome-lysosome fusion in the later stages of autophagy.
• The lipid modified form of LC3, referred to as LC3-II, is believed to be involved in autophagosome membrane expansion and fusion events.
• STX17 is localized on the outer membrane of autophagosomes, but not phagophores or other autophagosome precursors, which prevents them from prematurely fusing with the lysosome.