cardinal utilityの例文

• Jevons did not explicitly distinguish between the concepts of ordinal and cardinal utility.
• The first problem motivates the use of ordinal utility rather than cardinal utility.
• In contrast, a cardinal utility function is only unique up to positive affine transformation.
• In 1944 Frank Knight argued extensively for cardinal utility.
• Neoclassical economics has largely retreated from using cardinal utility functions as the basis of economic behavior.
• Such functions are called cardinal utility functions.
• For example, Murray Rothbard stated that he objected to the use of cardinal utility in microeconomic theory.
• Rankings of alternatives made under uncertainty can be represented by cardinal utility, but they are not ordinal.
• Contrast this with cardinal utility theory : the latter claims that the differences between preferences are also important.
• The preferences here can be represented by cardinal utility functions which take several variables ( the attributes ).
• However, additivity is applicable only to cardinal utility functions, while weak additivity is applicable to ordinal utility functions.
• In fact pages 54 55 from this paper contain the first use ever of the term'cardinal utility '.
• When cardinal utility is used, the magnitude of utility differences is treated as an ethically or behaviorally significant quantity.
• Although Jevons predated the debate about ordinality or cardinality of utility, his mathematics required the use of cardinal utility functions.
• D . Bernoulli argued that the paradox could be resolved if decision-makers displayed risk aversion and argued for a logarithmic cardinal utility function.
• The title of Baumol's paper, " The cardinal utility which is ordinal ", expressed well the semantic mess of the literature at the time.
• In the case of cardinal utility it is impossible to measure the level of satisfaction " quantitatively " when someone consumes or purchases an apple.
• Some, such as economists in the tradition of the Austrian School, doubt whether a cardinal utility function, or cardinal social welfare function, is of any value.
• The article offered theoretical axiomatizations which result in a precise specification of both ordinal and cardinal utility, followed by an empirical estimation of the cardinal specification.
• Cardinals utility player Bobby Bonilla was suspended for one game and fined by major league baseball for slapping Milwaukee's Jeromy Burnitz during a game last month.